Rust for Python Developers - Operators

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Method and Associated Functions

Methods are defined within the context of a struct and their first parameter is always self, which represents the instance of the struct the method is being called on. - The Rust Programming Language

Associated functions don’t take self as a parameter and they are not methods because they don’t have an instance of the struct to work with.

A good example is String::from function.

We use the :: syntax with the struct name to call this associated function whereas we use . when we call a method.

A common associated function is a new function that returns a value of the type the associated function is associated with.

struct Point {
    x: i32,
    y: i32
}
impl Point {
    fn new() -> Point {
        Point {
            x: 5_i32,
            y: 4_i32
        }
    }
}
fn main () {
    let p1 = Point::new();
    let mut p2 = Point::new();
    p2.x = 8;
    p2.y = 9;
    println!{"x: {}, y: {}", p1.x, p1.y};
    println!("x: {}, y: {}", p2.x, p2.y );
}

Final code

struct Solution {
    nums: Vec<i32>,
}
impl Solution {
    pub fn single_number(&self) -> i32 {
        let mut ans: i32 = 0;
        for n in &self.nums {
            ans ^= n;
        }
        ans
    }
}
fn main() {
    let ans = Solution {
        nums: vec![2, 2, 1, 1, 5],
    };
    println!("{}", ans.single_number());
}

Line 7–11: We create a mutable variable ans with the type of i32 . Using for loop, we iterate &self.nums using ans ^=n.

We adjust the above code to the LeetCode environment.

impl Solution {
    pub fn single_number(nums: Vec<i32>) -> i32 {
        let mut ans: i32 = 0;
        for n in nums {
            ans ^= n;
        }
        ans        
    }
}

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10/13 Method and Associated Functions

Method and Associated Functions

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